Language (Mother tongue)

Almost 9 million people (92.1 % of the population) identified Czech as their mother tongue and 16.5 thousand (0.2 %) identified Moravian language as their mother tongue. Among the foreign mother tongues, Slovak was the most frequently declared mother tongue, with over 150 thousand people declaring it (1.5 %). The second most frequently reported foreign language was Ukrainian, declared by almost 90 thousand inhabitants (0.9 %). Slightly more than 4 thousand inhabitants declared Roma language and almost 1.5 thousand inhabitants declared sign language.
(Note: The data include only persons with one mother tongue listed.)

¹⁾ includes only persons with one mother tongue

in 1991 and 2001 by permanent residence, in 2011 and 2021 by usual residence

Czech Republic

Year of the Census	Total population	by mother tongue¹⁾
Year of the Census	Total population	Czech	Moravian	Slovak	Polish	German	Roma	Russian	Ukrainian	Vietnamese	Hungarian	English	not identified
1991	10 302 215	9 871 518	.	239 355	52 362	40 907	24 294	.	4 882	.	20 260	.	29 655
2001	10 230 060	9 707 397	.	208 723	50 738	41 328	23 211	18 746	.	.	.	3 791	76 868
2011	10 436 560	9 263 300	62 908	154 465	33 597	14 148	4 919	31 622	48 250	30 830	9 286	7 202	464 056
2021	10 524 167	8 996 475	16 523	150 738	30 183	10 151	4 280	59 560	88 873	43 822	8 533	13 997	759 394

¹⁾ includes only persons with one mother tongue

Czech was the predominant mother tongue in all regions, with the lowest proportion of the population in the Capital City of Prague (82.5 %) and the highest proportion of the population in the Vysočina region (96.7 %). A higher share of the population reporting Moravian as their mother tongue was in the regions Jihomoravský (0.8%), Zlínský (0.6 %) and Olomoucký (0.5 %). The representation by 2 or more percent was Russian language in the Capital City of Prague (2.8 %), Ukrainian language in the Capital City of Prague (2.6 %) and Slovak language in the Capital City of Prague (2.5 %).
(Note: The data include only persons with one mother tongue listed.)

Particular mother tongues include persons who stated only one mother tongue.

by usual residence

Census 2021

Mother tongue	Population by stated mother tongue
Mother tongue	exclusive	in combination with another mother tongue¹⁾	total¹⁾
Czech	8 996 475	217 512	9 213 987
Moravian	16 523	12 124	28 647
Slovak	150 738	74 508	225 246
Polish	30 183	19 486	49 669
German	10 151	21 605	31 756
Roma	4 280	23 822	28 102
Russian	59 560	36 801	96 361
Ukrainian	88 873	34 865	123 738
Vietnamese	43 822	13 586	57 408
Hungarian	8 533	6 131	14 664
English	13 997	16 481	30 478

¹⁾ persons who stated two mother tongues are included in both mother tongues

State, Cohesion Region, Region, District, Administrative district of municipality with extended powers, Administrative district of the capital city of Praha, Municipality, City part

Data in Public Database

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Language (Mother tongue)

Population by selected mother tongue and sex in 20211)

Population by selected mother tongue

Population by mother tongue and territory

Comparison of regions

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